One thing we are noticing at SBN is an increase in the interest from health and fitness professionals to assess individuals not only for injury prevention and rehabilitation purposes but also for longevity and health optimization.

A recent study by Lichtenstein et al explored the trajectories of strength parameters across different ages in a healthy population ranging from 20 to 91 years old. The researchers compared new strength tests such as CMJ and IMTP with widely studied ones such as Grip Strength to determine their suitability for health surveillance purposes. The findings revealed that while most strength parameters followed similar downward trajectories after the age of 40, lower body explosive power exhibited a consistent linear decline throughout the observed age range. On the other hand, all other parameters demonstrated an accelerated decline with increasing age. These results provide valuable insights for assessing muscular fitness levels and comparing individuals with...

Originally developed in the 1960's for biomechanics research in elite sports, force plates have emerged as invaluable tools in an athletic setting, providing objective data to optimize high performance and identify potential injury risks. With advancements in technology and increased accessibility, portable force plates such as the AxIT Stomp-IT are now finding their way into everyday health and fitness settings, allowing technology previously only available to million-dollar sports teams and university laboratories to empower practitioners and individuals alike.

If you haven't had the opportunity to experience the incredible benefits of incorporating smart force plates like AxIT Stomp-IT into your health and fitness practice, this blog is here to change that! Get ready to explore the Top 4 Strength Tests that can be performed using force plates and discover why they are an absolute game-changer for your clients.

Why use Force Plates and Isometric Strength Testing?

The ICC T20 World Cup is underway and thousands of throwing actions will take place over the next 4 weeks.

Did you know, at peak rotation, maximum humeral internal rotation velocity during throwing may reach 7500 to 7700 degrees per second (Seroyer et al 2010)? That’s approximately 4 times faster than a helicopter's rotor spins.

It’s no wonder then that some of the cricketers taking part in the ICC T20 World Cup this month need to have strong and functional rotator cuff muscles to generate and tolerate the forces involved in throwing.

How do the rotator cuff muscles work when throwing?

The above from Oyama 2012 illustrates the complexity of the throwing action and the demand on the tissues.

From this we can see that the shoulder forces acting on the shoulder work in a deceleration - acceleration - deceleration pattern. It may also be surprising to see that the rotator cuff works mostly to compress the shoulder joint and provide stability during these movements,...

Individuals with post-traumatic osteoarthritis demonstrate increased sway during quiet stance. The prospective association between balance and disease onset is unknown. Improved understanding of balance in the period between joint injury and disease onset could inform secondary prevention strategies to prevent or delay the disease. 

Participants included 50 individuals (ages 15–26 years) with a sport-related intra-articular knee injury sustained 3–10 years previously and 50 uninjured age-, sex- and sport-matched controls. Force-plate measures during single-limb stance (center-of-pressure 95% ellipse-area, path length, excursion, entropic half-life) and field-based balance scores (triple single-leg hop, star-excursion, unipedal dynamic balance) were collected.

On average the injured participants adjusted their position less frequently and demonstrated a larger magnitude of movement during single-limb stance compared to controls. These findings support the...

Squatting is a form of closed kinetic chain movement which commonly being employed in exercise training. However, little is known regarding the amount of force being imposed on the knee at different angles of squat. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) at different angles of squatting among the military personnel. Thirty-seven subjects (age=27.1±2.77 years old) participated in this cross-sectional comparative study. The peak of VGRF was identified during squatting at 40°, 70°, and 110 ° of knee flexion, which was measured using a force platform. The data were analysed using the one way repeated measure ANOVA and Pairwise Comparisons via Bonferroni adjustment. The VGRF were shown significantly different between the three angles of squatting (p<0.05). Since the Mauchly Test of Sphericity was significant (p>0 .05), the result was corrected using Greenhouse-Geiser Epsilon and continued to show a significant...

Twelve weightlifters, ranging from novice to advanced, performed the IMTP 10 days after a competition. Correlations were used to evaluate relationships between variables of the IMTP and absolute and scaled competition results.

Unscaled competition results correlated strongly with IRFD (0-200ms: r=0.567-0.645, 0-250ms: r=0.722-0.781) while results correlated weakly with Peak IRFD (5ms window, r=0.360-0.426). Absolute peak force values correlated very strongly with absolute values for the competition performance (r=0.830-0.838). Force at 100ms, 150ms, 200ms and 250ms also correlated strongly with competition results (r=0.643-0.647, r=0.605-0.636, r=0.714-0.732, r=0.801-0.804). Similar findings were noted for allometrically scaled values.

Measures of average IRFD probably represent a more relevant variable to dynamic performance than does Peak IRFD (5ms). Maximum isometric strength also is likely to have a strong role in weightlifting performance.

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The forward lunge movement may be used as a functional performance test of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient and reconstructed subjects. The purposes were 1) to determine the test–retest reliability of a forward lunge in healthy subjects and 2) to determine the required numbers of repetitions necessary to yield satisfactory reliability. Nineteen healthy subjects performed four trials of a forward lunge on two different days. The movement time, impulses of the ground reaction forces (IFz, IFy), knee joint kinematics and dynamics during the forward lunge were calculated. The relative reliability was determined by calculation of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). The IFz, IFy and the positive work of the knee extensors showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.75). All other variables demonstrated acceptable reliability (0.4 > ICC < 0.75). The relative reliability increased when more than a single forward lunge was used. In...

 3-D kinematics were collected on 50 (25 male and 25 female) college-age recreational athletes selected from a sample of convenience. Separate repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyze each variable at three time instants (initial contact, peak vertical ground reaction force, and maximum knee flexion angle). There were no significant differences found between genders at the three instants for each variable. At initial contact, the forefoot technique (35.79° ± 11.78°) resulted in significantly (p = .001) less hip flexion than did the self-preferred (41.25° ± 12.89°) and rear foot (43.15° ± 11.77°) techniques. At peak vertical ground reaction force, the rear foot technique (26.77° ± 9.49°) presented significantly lower (p = .001) knee flexion angles as compared with forefoot (58.77° ± 20.00°) and self-preferred (54.21° ± 23.78°) techniques. A significant difference for knee...

Thirty healthy, physically active subjects (15 males and 15 females) Knee and hip joint kinematics were calculated utilizing three-dimensional video analysis. Each subject performed five single-leg stop-jumps before and after an exercise-to-fatigue bout. All subjects underwent a fatigue protocol using the modified Astrand protocol. Fatigue was verified using the Rating of Perceived Exertion along with the subject’s heart rate. All data were analyzed using two factor (test × gender) repeated measures ANOVA (P < 0.05). Both males and females demonstrated significantly less maximal knee valgus (P = 0.038) and decreased knee flexion at initial contact (P = 0.009) post-fatigue. No significant differences were identified in hip joint angles between sessions or between sexes.

The results show that fatigue developed from exhaustive running alters lower extremity kinematics during a single-leg stop-jump task. The more neutral position in...

Subjects were 234 adolescents (mean age: 16 years) who were categorised by gender, activity level and type of sport played. Subjects jumped from a box 0.3 metres high to land on a force plate. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) across gender, activity levels, and type of sport played. Across all subjects, the mean peak vertical GRF was 4.5 bodyweights (SD: 1.7). In regard to gender, mean peak vertical GRFs were 4.6 (SD:1.7) and 4.2 (SD:1.4) for males and females respectively. The mean peak vertical GRF for subjects involved in recreational sport 1–3 times per week was 4.4 bodyweights (SD:1.7), while the mean for those playing competitive sport 4–7 times per week was 4.5 bodyweights (SD: 1.7). The mean peak vertical GRF for subjects participating in sports involving jumping and landing activities was 4.6 bodyweights (SD: 1.8) as compared to 4.4 bodyweights (SD: 1.5) for subjects in sports that did not involve jumping activities.

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